英語輔導(dǎo)專家賈洪偉老師，針對2010年考研英語英譯漢部分進行分析，2010考研英語英譯漢文章屬環(huán)保范疇，摘自利奧波德(Aldo Leopold)于1966年在牛津大學(xué)出版出版的《沙鄉(xiāng)年鑒》(A Sand Country Almanac)中的“土地倫理”(The Land Ethics)部分，具體在原書210頁。本題干中，出題者也是動過“小手術(shù)”的，比如：第一段的原文是：“One basic weakness in a conservation system based wholly on economic motives is that most members of the land community have no economic value. Wildflowers and songbirds are examples. Of the 22,000 higher plants and animals native to Wisconsin, it is doubtful whether more than 5 per cent can be sold, fed, eaten, or otherwise put to economic use. Yet these creatures are members of the biotic community, and if (as I believe) its stability depends on its integrity, they are entitled to continuance。”，經(jīng)過加工就變成了“One basic weakness in a conservation system based wholly on economic motives is that most members of the land community have no economic value. Yet these creatures are members of the biotic community, and if (as I believe) its stability depends on its integrity, they are entitled to continuance。”，但在段落上面，基本保持了原來的段落結(jié)構(gòu)。

　　題干考查的是，將文中5個劃線語句，翻譯成漢語。現(xiàn)就這5個句子，提出我們的參考答案如下：

　　1. Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them。

　　句子結(jié)構(gòu)如下：主干為Scientist jump to the rescue.，with some distinctly shaky evidence構(gòu)成jump的伴隨狀語，to the effect that 是evidence的同位語從句。對于這個句子的翻譯，真可謂“五花八門”，其中大多都沒有正確理解evidence、effect和后面小句間的關(guān)系，就是間或有理解的，漢語的表達也不是很恰當(dāng)。針對這種情況，我們嘗試重新翻譯一下。

　　參考答案：科學(xué)家匆忙趕來救急，但所提出的證據(jù)有點明顯站不住腳，其大意如下：如若沒有鳥類制衡昆蟲，昆蟲就會吞噬我們。

　　2. But we have at least drawn nearer the point of admitting that birds should continue survival as a matter of intrinsic right, regardless of the presence or absence of economic advantage to us。

　　句子結(jié)構(gòu)如下：主干為We have drawn near the point，此處point既可以當(dāng)程度，也可以當(dāng)觀點。當(dāng)觀點講時，其后的of admitting是介詞短語做定語;當(dāng)程度講時，of admiiting也作定語，表示人們從不理鳥類生存到承認鳥類生存權(quán)的過度。后面的that.。.是admit的賓語從句，也可以說是觀點“point”的同位語;regardless of .。.是作讓步狀語。當(dāng)程度理解，其譯文如參考譯文，而當(dāng)觀點講，其譯文就應(yīng)為：“但我們至少更為認同一種觀點，即承認：不論鳥類能否給我們帶來經(jīng)濟利益，都應(yīng)該繼續(xù)享有固有的生存權(quán)。”

　　參考答案：但至少我們近乎承認：不論鳥類能否給我們帶來經(jīng)濟利益，都應(yīng)該繼續(xù)享有固有的生存權(quán)。

　　3. Time was when biologists somewhat over worded the evidence that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak, or that they prey only on “worthless species。

　　句子的結(jié)構(gòu)如下：主干為Time was when ...，when引導(dǎo)表語從句，兩個that從句是evidence的并列同位語從句。注意：overword為“反復(fù)說”、“不斷地說”講。

　　參考譯文：生物學(xué)家曾一度重申一個事實，即：這些動物(猛禽和水鳥)捕食弱小動物，是維護生物鏈的平衡，抑或是他們只捕食“無經(jīng)濟價值的物種”。

　　4. In Europe, where forestry is ecologically more advanced, the non-commercial tree species are recognized as members of native forest community, to be preserved as such, within reason。

　　句子結(jié)構(gòu)如下：主干為the non-commercial tree species are recognized as members of native forest community，where引導(dǎo)定語從句修飾Europe，充當(dāng)句子的地點狀語，而to be preserved as such, within reason是句子主干的狀語，其中as such是“同樣”“一樣”的意思，指跟“經(jīng)濟樹種”比較。

　　參考譯文：在歐洲，林業(yè)生態(tài)更加發(fā)達，非經(jīng)濟樹種被視為原始森林群落的一部分，也同樣受到合理保護。

　　5. It tends to ignore, and thus eventually to eliminate, many elements in the land community that lack commercial value, but that are essential to its healthy functioning。

　　句子結(jié)構(gòu)如下：主干為It tends to ignore and to eliminate....,兩個that分別作為elements的定語，后者具有轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。翻譯中，特別是翻譯考試中，而且特別是這種劃線語句的翻譯題，翻譯時，一定要把英語句子中的代詞還原，否則譯文沒有上下文，意思就不完整，這也是翻譯題的一個考察點。這句中，涉及到一個it，系前指上文的a system of conservation based solely on economic self-interest(一個基于利己利益的保護體制)。此外，還要注意結(jié)合語境來理解element的意思，這里可能已成物種，更好吧?

　　參考譯文：

　　1)基于利己利益的保護體制易于忽視陸地社群中的許多不具有商業(yè)價值的物種，并因此比較終致使其絕種于世，但這些物種對于平衡生物鏈來說，確是重要的。

　　2)這種保護機制易于忽視，并因此比較終致使陸地社群中的許多不具有商業(yè)價值的物種，瀕臨滅絕，可這些物種對于平衡生物鏈來說，卻是重要的。