中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法總復(fù)習(xí)之常見(jiàn)習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)(1)
來(lái)源:育路教育網(wǎng)發(fā)布時(shí)間:2011-05-21
(一) 知識(shí)概要
由于英語(yǔ)國(guó)家的語(yǔ)言習(xí)慣與中國(guó)的語(yǔ)言習(xí)慣有許多不同之處,所以造成了許多同學(xué)在做選擇或書(shū)寫,或與人交談中造成誤用中國(guó)方式來(lái)對(duì)英語(yǔ)的問(wèn)句作解答。例如一個(gè)小女孩十分好看,可愛(ài),外國(guó)人見(jiàn)到時(shí)會(huì)講: You are so beautiful 這時(shí)的答語(yǔ)應(yīng)該是 Thank you 如果外國(guó)人發(fā)現(xiàn)你的英語(yǔ)不錯(cuò),他們會(huì)講: Your English is very good 這時(shí)中國(guó)人常常會(huì)說(shuō):不,我說(shuō)的不好。這純是一種禮貌的答語(yǔ),但是不符合英語(yǔ)習(xí)慣。它正確的答語(yǔ)應(yīng)是 Thank you 雖然交際英語(yǔ)有一些規(guī)律可講,但更重要的是學(xué)習(xí)外國(guó)的生活習(xí)慣,了解他們的文化背景,歷史淵源,這樣才能真正的學(xué)好一門外語(yǔ)。
(二) 正誤辨析
[誤] - What can I do for you?
- Yes, please help me
[正] - What can I do for you?
- I'd like to buy a sweater
[析] What can I do for you? 這一問(wèn)語(yǔ)實(shí)際上用于的情景很多,要根據(jù)具體情況而定。如在商店中售貨員講這句話應(yīng)譯為:您想要點(diǎn)什么?在其他場(chǎng)合也可以被譯為:我能為您做些什么?它的答語(yǔ)應(yīng)是直接講出想讓對(duì)方提供的幫助。
[誤] - Which colour do you like?
- Sorry, I don't like
[正] - Which colour do you like?
- I prefer blue
[析] 由 which 來(lái)提問(wèn)的問(wèn)句是要回答具體的選擇,而不能泛指,泛泛的回答。如 Yes, I like it
[誤] Do you like to come with us tonight?
[正] Would you like to come with us tonight?
[析] Do you like … 問(wèn)的是對(duì)方的習(xí)慣,如: Do you like swimming? Do you like collecting stamps? 而 would you like … 則是一次性的邀請(qǐng)、提議。邀請(qǐng)的英語(yǔ)表達(dá)法還有如下幾種:
Shall we go? 我們走吧!
Let's go? 讓我們走吧!
How about having a cup of tea? 喝杯茶如何?
What about a cup of coffee 喝杯咖啡如何?
Why not buy it? 為什么不買呢?
其肯定答語(yǔ)一般為Certainly, Yes, O.K. All right, With pleasure
[誤] Sorry, I've kept you waiting
Not at all
[正] Sorry, I've kept you waiting
Never mind
[析] "介意不介意"這一問(wèn)法與答語(yǔ)在中英文中有所不同。如:
- Do you mind my smoking here?- _________
A. Yes, do it please
B. No, of course not
C. Yes, take it please
D. No, you can't take it
這時(shí)正確的選擇應(yīng)是B。 其意為:不介意,當(dāng)然不。而A選項(xiàng)則自相矛盾了,它應(yīng)譯為:是的我介意,請(qǐng)抽吧。而D選項(xiàng)是:不介意,你不能抽。當(dāng)向?qū)Ψ綘?zhēng)求意見(jiàn)時(shí),可以有以下問(wèn)法:
Do you mind if I open the door?
Would you mind mailing the letter for me
其答語(yǔ)如果是同意應(yīng)為: Certainly not, not at all
而不同意時(shí)應(yīng)為 Yes, 或 I'm sorry
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